Nitrogen Deep Placement Combined with Straw Mulch Cultivation Enhances Physiological Traits,Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice

To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting (MPST) rice, the seedlings of two rice cultivars, i.e., Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm² and straw return at 6 t/hm² in early seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment comprised of following treatments: CK (no fertilizer and no straw return), MDS (deep N fertilization and straw return), MBS (broadcasting fertilizer and straw return), MD (deep N fertilization without straw return), MB (broadcasting fertilizer without straw return). Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%?72.22% due to total above-ground biomass, leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%?55.80%, 38.52%?52.17% and 17.89%?28.40%, respectively, compared to the MB treatment. In addition, the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%?43.69%, N recovery efficiency by 141.45%?164.65%, N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%? 134.19%, nitrate reductase by 46.46%?60.86% and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%?31.02%, compared to the MB treatment. The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment. Hence, deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China.     

Dissecting Genetic Basis of Deep Rooting in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Deep rooting is an important trait in rice drought resistance. Genetic resources of deep-rooting varieties are valuable in breeding of water-saving and drought-resistant rice. In the present study, 234 BC₂F₇ backcross introgression lines were derived from a cross of Dongye 80 (an accession of Dongxiang wild rice as the donor parent) and R974 (an indica restorer line as the recurrent parent). A genetic linkage map containing 1 977 bin markers was constructed by ddRADSeq for QTL analysis. Thirty-one QTLs for four root traits (the number of deep roots, the number of shallow roots, the total number of deep roots and the ratio of deep roots) were assessed on six rice chromosomes in two environments (2020 Shanghai and 2021 Hainan). Two of the QTLs, qDR5.1 and qTR5.2, were located on chromosome 5 in a 70-kb interval. They were detected in both environments. qDR5.1 explained 13.35% of the phenotypic variance in 2020 Shanghai and 12.01% of the phenotypic variance in 2021 Hainan. qTR5.2 accounted for 10.88% and 10.93% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. One QTL (qRDR2.2) for the ratio of deep roots was detected on chromosome 2 in a 210-kb interval and accounted for 6.72% of the phenotypic variance in 2020. The positive effects of these three QTLs were all from Dongxiang wild rice. Furthermore, nine and four putative candidate genes were identified in qRDR2.2 and qDR5.1/qTR5.2, respectively. These findings added to our knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in rice. In addition, this study will facilitate the future isolation of candidate genes of the deep-rooting trait and the utilization of Dongxiang wild rice in the improvement of rice drought resistance.     

福建乌龙茶产业可持续发展的对策建议

通过对福建乌龙茶产业及相关产业链发展现状的调研,分析该产业存在问题,查阅相关资料,提出福建乌龙茶产业的可持续发展不仅要注重茶园的生态建设和休闲旅游开发,提高茶叶的品质及安全,将茶产业与旅游业有机结合,实现茶产业从第一产业向第三产业的跨越升级,更要借鉴国际茶产业应用精深加工开发茶叶副产品的先进经验,重视精深加工技术的研发,提取茶中含有的各种既有“有效成分”又有“活性成分”化学物质,发挥茶的医疗效能,弘扬中医和茶文化结合的荼疗生态文化,为“十二五”实现福建乌龙茶产业的可持续发展提出对策建议。     

土壤肥沃耕层构建模式

详细介绍土壤的物质组成及作用,论述构建土壤肥沃耕层对农业生产的重要意义及我国土壤耕层构建模式的发展历程,介绍一种将深翻和秸秆还田结合起来的土壤肥沃耕层构建新模式,为提高土壤耕层的肥力提供参考。     

都柳江不同河段急流一深潭—沙（砾）滩系统底质酶活性研究

本文以贵州省境内人工干扰较少的都柳江为研究对象,对急流-深潭-沙（砾）滩系统中底质酶活性进行研究。结果表明：（1）都柳江不同河段底质中酶活性的的总体变化趋势为：过氧化氢酶活性沙（砾）滩〉急流〉深潭,磷酸酶和脲酶活性都是深潭〉急流〉沙（砾）滩,脱氢酶活性变化规律不明显;在急流—深潭—沙（砾）滩系统中,过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性在深潭和急流中的最大值都在下游,沙（砾）滩的最大值在中游,磷酸酶活性的最大值均在上游,而脱氢酶活性在深潭和急流的最大值都在中游,在沙（砾）滩中的最大值在下游。（2）都柳江的河道形态结构因子与深潭中底质酶活性有一定关系,而与急流和沙（砾）滩中底质酶活性的关系不明显。（3）急流和深潭中的氮素水平与底质中的酶活性有一定的关系,其中与脲酶活性的关系尤为突出;磷素水平与底质中酶活性没有明显的相关性;电导率和COD与底质酶活性有着明显的相关性;溶解氧与急流中的过氧化氢酶有极显著正相关。研究结果为河道生物修复提供了一定的理论依据。     

深基坑支护中冲孔灌注桩质量控制研究

灌注桩+锚索支护型式被越来越多地应用于深基坑支护中。文章结合冲孔灌注桩在深圳GL河口调蓄池工程—深基坑支护中的应用实践,介绍了冲孔灌注桩施工工艺、施工过程质量控制要点,对施工准备、冲孔、确定终孔、清孔、钢筋笼制作和吊装、浇筑水下混凝土等各施工环节进行了梳理和探讨,并对施工监理工作程序和监理控制要点做了论述,借此与广大同行进行交流、学习。     

休闲期深翻覆盖配施氮磷肥对旱地小麦群体动态、叶面积的影响及其与产量的相关性

采用大田试验方法,研究了休闲期深翻覆盖配施氮磷肥对旱地小麦群体动态、叶面积的变化及其与产量相关性的影响。结果表明,氮磷比为1∶0.5和1∶0.75时,增加施氮量可提高各生育期群体茎数、单株叶面积及成穗率,可显著提高可育小穗数、干物质量,降低不可育小穗数,从而提高穗数、穗粒数及产量;施氮量为150 kg/hm2时,增加施磷量可提高各生育期群体茎数、单株叶面积及成穗率,可显著提高可育小穗数、干物质量,可提高产量及其构成因素,其中,氮磷比为1∶1较1∶0.5提高成穗率13.10%,从而提高穗数22.7%,提高穗粒数3.79%,提高产量18.92%;施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,各生育期群体茎数、单株叶面积、成穗率、穗长、可育小穗数、不可育小穗数、干物质量以氮磷比为1∶0.75最高,1∶1居中,1∶0.5最低,其中,氮磷比为1∶0.75较1∶0.5提高成穗率11.43%,提高穗数19.35%,提高穗粒数4.95%,提高产量17.31%;施氮量为180 kg/hm2时,氮磷比为1∶0.75对各生育期群体茎数、叶面积、成熟期农艺性状、产量及其构成因素的影响较施氮量为150 kg/hm2、氮磷比为1∶1时效果更好。相关分析表明,各生育期群体茎数与穗数、穗粒数密切相关,且与穗数关系更密切;生育中后期单株叶面积与穗数、穗粒数相关较密切,且与穗数关系更密切。总之,休闲期深翻覆盖配施氮肥180 kg/hm2、氮磷比为1∶0.75时更有利于促进群体有效分蘖,提高成穗率;有利于提高叶面积,从而提高干物质量;有利于提高穗数、穗粒数,最终提高产量。     

寒地水稻侧深施肥效果的研究

为保证水稻施肥的准确性,实现优质、高产、生态、安全的目的,以水稻品种龙粳31为试材,采用随机区组试验设计,对水稻侧深施肥的效果及方法进行了研究。结果表明:侧深施肥能够促进水稻生育进程,通过增加平米穗数以增加产量,降低蛋白质含量,提高品质。最佳的侧深施肥方法为:秧苗右侧3cm,深5cm,基肥总量减少25%。     

缓释肥侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响

利用田间小区试验,系统研究了基于缓释肥料的侧条施肥技术对水稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:与农民常规施肥处理(FP)比较,侧条施肥技术高缓释肥处理(HF)水稻氮素投入比农民常规施肥处理(FP)降低约40%,水稻产量没有显著降低,穗粒数比农民常规施肥处理增加了8.36%。侧条施肥技术显著提高了水稻地上部吸氮量和氮肥偏生产力,降低了氮素的表观损失量。侧条施肥各处理氮肥偏生产力在39.1~67.8之间,显著高于FP处理的23.7。FP处理氮素表观损失量高达174.2 kg·hm^-2,侧条施肥各处理表观损失量在23.2~61.9 kg·hm^-2之间。综合考虑水稻产量和环境因素,基于缓释肥料的侧条施肥技术是一种资源节约和环境友好的施肥技术。     

基于校企深度融合的“职场式”人才培养模式研究 ——以某校市场营销专业为例

市场对营销人才的需求日益呈现出专业化、差异化和个性化趋势。因此,高校市场营销专业须创新人才培养模式以满足不同企业对多元人才之需求。以某高校市场营销专业为例,校企双方通过共同培养人才、以赛促合、教师服务于企业等校企深度融合的方式,创建了“职场式”人才培养模式。这种兼顾学生、学校和企业三方利益共赢的人才培养模式,较好地解决了市场营销专业人才培养与市场需求脱节的问题。此人才培养模式对其他高校市场营销专业的人才培养具有一定的借鉴意义。